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In France, the ''Tribunal d'instance'' (literally "Court of First Instance"), is a judicial inferior court of record of first instance for general civil suits and includes a criminal division, the Police Court (''tribunal de police''), which hears cases of misdemeanors or summary offences (''contraventions''). Having original jurisdiction, the Court's rulings may be appealed to a French appellate court or Supreme Court. The court was formally known as a Justice of the Peace Court (''justice de paix'') until the judicial restructuring of 1958. In the Court, proceedings are conducted based on oral testimony and arguments, and, unlike in higher courts, legal counsel is not mandatory. Other judicial courts of original jurisdiction are: *Magistrate courts (''juge de proximité'') - for small claims and petty misdemeanors *Superior courts (''tribunal de grande instance'') - handles complex suits and has a criminal section, the Criminal Court (''tribunal correctionnel''), that hears cases involving minor felonies or indictable offences (''délits'') *Business Tribunal (''tribunal de commerce'') *Labor Tribunal (''Conseil des prud'hommes'') *Land Estate Court (''tribunal paritaire des baux ruraux'') *Social Security Court (''tribunal des affaires de sécurité sociale'') ==Degrees of jurisdiction== As a general rule, the French court system is divided into three degrees of jurisdiction: * Original or general jurisdiction for the first hearing of cases; * Appellate jurisdiction for appeals from lower courts; * Courts of last resort for appeals from appellate courts on the interpretation of law. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tribunal d'instance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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